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Honeybees move bellies, imitate stadium “wave” to evade predators
by Yuliya Talmazan | September 15, 2008 at 10:47 am
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So, doing the “wave” at a sports stadium is not just a crazy human thing. Honeybees do it too. They flip their bellies in a way that when done collectively imitates the stadium “wave.” This sudden joint belly movement, dubbed “shimmer” by the bee scientists, creates a light effect that confuses and scares off bee predators.
When faced with a threat, hundreds or even thousands of giant honeybees will all rotate their abdomens in a split second to create an iridescent effect that seems to startle and confuse wasps, which hunt giant honeybees for food.
Scientists have observed this behavior before but never understood its purpose. But now researchers have determined that shimmering is triggered by approaching wasps, and serves to drive them away.
The researchers still don't understand just how the honeybees are able to perform such a synchronized feat, which requires lightning-fast communication between thousands of bees.
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Most RecentMost Recommended Comments (2)
at 15:59 on September 15th, 2008
This is a behavior well-known in the Apis dorsata (the so-called Giant Honeybee) found in Asia. I have personally observed this behavior among colonies of Apis dorsata when I visited India to attend a conference on social insects. Although this may seem like a new and little-known phenomenon, it is actually quite common among insects that form groups. See for example: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_caterpillars
Here is an excerpt from that article: "It is generally thought that aposematic coloration is most effective in deterring predators when insects group together. Indeed, the most common mode of active defense among social caterpillars is aposematic display, often combined with synchronous body rearing, flicking, and “en masse” regurgitation of toxic or unpalatable chemicals. Studies indicate that the spread of alarm through colonies of social caterpillars is mediated largely by tactile and, possibly, visual cues. Caterpillars can detect the airborne sounds generated by the beating wings of flying wasps and flies and respond with rapidly jerking movements. Vibrational signals set up by the agitated caterpillars and propagated by the communal web would appear the most likely means of alerting the colony to danger."
We would call this behavior "self-organized" in that the propagation of the "wave" is probably mediated through the interactions of nearby neighbors. For more on this, see our book, "Self-Organization in Biological Systems".
at 16:03 on September 15th, 2008
Thanks, Scott Camazine. I think the novelty of the study is in discovering the purpose of such behavior. It is true shimmering was observed a long time ago but how honeybees use it was not very clear.