Pharmacologic Management in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

http://www.for-diabetes.com/pharmacologic-management-in-pediatric-type-1-diabetes-mellitus

signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines diabetes mellitus as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.1 The ADA estimates that 20.8 million children and adults are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, 176,500 of whom are younger than age 20.2 Previously known as juvenile diabetes and insulin-dependent diabetes, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic disease of childhood and is often diagnosed in children presenting with symptomatic hyperglycemia.3 Although most attention is focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the incidence of T1DM is rising worldwide.4 Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from insulin resistance combined with relative insulin deficiency, while T1DM is primarily the result of insulin deficiency. Therefore, the focus of pharmacologic treatment in T1DM is exogenous insulin replacement.

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