So long beautiful noises

“After 27 years of silence I can hear my own voice and speak to
my family

By Richard Price

Growing up in the vibrant, cultural melting-pot of ­Ladbroke Grove, home to the Notting Hill Carnival, Semhar Beyene’s ­childhood dream was to become a performer.

With her dancer’s physique, love of music and exquisite, model features, she had all the attributes to make it to the top.

There was just one problem: Semhar was born profoundly deaf.

Resounding success: Semhar Beyene had a cochlear implant last November

The reasons are unknown (both her ­parents and older sister have perfect ­hearing), but with the assistance of ­hearing aids and lip-reading, she never allowed being deaf to hold her back.

Nevertheless, once she left school and started attending auditions, the reality of her disability hit hard. She gave up on her dreams, finding work as a graphic designer.

Now, however, the old spark has been reignited — thanks to a tiny electronic implant drilled into her skull last ­November. At 27 years old, Semhar is one of a small group of profoundly deaf people offered a cochlear implant. She can now enjoy sounds and voices she has never heard before.

Prior to this, the quietest sound she could hear was 98 decibels (the level of noise made by a lawnmower), whereas the normal hearing range is 0-20 decibels. ­Hearing aids helped to amplify the sounds, but hearing conversations was impossible.

‘For the first time, I’m able to hear my voice,’ she says. ‘And I can hear the way my parents’ names are ­pronounced — up until I had the implant I had never heard them ­spoken. All these things make a huge difference. It’s a ­surprisingly ­emotional experience. ’

Cochlear implants have been transforming the lives of deaf people for nearly two ­decades, with around 200,000 users ­worldwide, but until recently the ­procedure was reserved either for the very young — ideally toddlers — or for those who had ­previously been able to hear.

The logic behind this was that adults who were born profoundly deaf would be ­incapable of adjusting to the ­bewildering array of new sounds. However, ­Semhar is ­challenging the old received wisdom.

The success of these devices is all down to extraordinary ­scientific development which allows ­doctors to short circuit the ­damaged ear canals of deaf patients and wire a microphone directly to the brain.

The tiny implants, which can last up to 20 years, are inserted into the inner ear and wired up to the ­cochlea, the snail-shaped cavity that ­normally helps to transmit sounds to the brain.

In severe deafness, as in ­Semhar’s case, tiny hair cells lining the inner part of the cochlea, which pick up sound waves, are damaged beyond repair. Surgeons therefore implant tiny electrodes and a receiver deep within the ear, then connect them up to a microphone worn on the outer ear, just like a hearing aid.

As sound waves are picked up by the microphone, they are ­transmitted along a wire to a sophisticated sound processor which is worn behind the ear.

This modifies the signal ­according to the individual’s needs (its power, for example, can be finely adjusted) before ­transmitting a signal to the receiver inside the skull.

This is converted to electrical signals which are sent to ­electrodes to stimulate the auditory nerve, which is what enables our brain to ‘hear’ sounds.

For Semhar, who had the ­operation last November, the process of having the implant ­fitted was the culmination of a lifetime’s consideration. Despite being born deaf, she never regarded herself as disabled.

She grew up using lip ­reading and hearing aids rather than sign ­language and attended a mainstream primary school, where she was marked out as a high-achiever.

‘I didn’t even think of myself as deaf. I thought I spoke exactly the same as all the other children although it clearly sounded ­different to hearing people.’ she says.

‘Then, at secondary school age I moved to a deaf boarding school and everything changed. I was shocked because everyone was signing, which I didn’t understand — initially I felt like it was some kind of freak school. Looking back, I guess I was prejudiced about deafness myself.’

But the environment led to her making many deaf friends and so, despite several offers of a cochlear implant in her teens and early 20s, she saw no need to seek to improve her hearing.

Indeed, she went on to achieve a great deal. She appeared in ­Channel 4’s show Vee-TV made for and by deaf people; helped ­organise a dance troupe and appeared on stage. She also reached the ­latter stages of selection for the BBC TV show Britain’s Missing Top Model, in which eight young women with disabilities competed for a ­modelling contract.

When offered a place, however, she turned it down. ‘I didn’t like the way they were make a big deal of my disability,’ she says. ‘They were choosing people with the most severe disabilities and my view was they were trying to exploit these girls, so I pulled out.’

  ‘I didn’t even think of myself as deaf. I thought I spoke exactly the same as all the other children although it clearly sounded ­different to hearing people.’

But it was at this point in her life that things started to change for Semhar. ‘I was becoming ­disheartened. I would go to ­auditions and feel exposed. ­Normally I wouldn’t tell them I was deaf, but then I’d realise I was struggling to keep up.’

At the time, Semhar was also working as a graphic designer and found herself shattered at the end of every working day.

‘When you’re deaf, every conversation with a hearing person takes a lot of effort and concentration because you’re straining to make sure you fully understand.

‘I just wanted to make my life easier, so I decided the time had come to go ahead with the ­cochlear implant.’

In April last year, she informed her consultant at the Royal National Ear, Nose and Throat hospital in London’s King’s Cross of her decision and in November the operation was carried out.

And despite the major potential side-effects to consider — ­cochlear implants destroy any residual hearing, as they effectively ­short-circuit the ear canal and there’s a very small chance of paralysis if a nerve is cut — Semhar decided it was still worth the risk.

The operation took three-and-a-half hours. When the implant was first switched on the following month, however, it was far from a positive experience.

‘I’d been told it would be unlike anything I’d experienced before. One anology was that while the hearing aid gave you sound in 2D, the implant gave you sound in 3D. I’d been very excited about it. But it was incredibly, horribly noisy,’ she recalls.

‘Everything was too loud — ­especially the sound of traffic. ­Initially, I struggled to focus on work — constantly being ­distracted by what was going on around me. In the end I had to turn it off for a few weeks.’

However, ­Semhar now regards the implant as a success. Voices which initially sounded robotic have settled into normality. And her hearing has improved to the level where she can make out sounds at 35 decibels — the sound of someone snoring.

This places her in the ‘mild hearing loss’ range — a massive improvement.
Semhar now goes to pubs and clubs regularly and is learning a talent which hearing people take for granted: the ability to block out extraneous noise.

‘I get annoyed with someone who keeps coughing, or if I hear a crisp packet rustling. But I’m privileged to be in this position, so I can’t complain.

‘My pronunciation is coming on leaps and bounds. I do still ­lip-read, but hearing helps lessen the need, so it’s a mix of both.’

The procedure is not without controversy. There is a strong lobby that sees being deaf not as a disability, but as a distinct ethnic group with its own language — sign language — and culture.

But Semhar is keen to be seen as a pioneer for deaf people.

‘I want to open more doors for people like me,’ she says. ‘People think once you have an implant you’ll get involved in the hearing world and forget about the deaf world, but that’s not true. It’s a bridge to both of them.’

While she insists she has no regrets about the operation, she has no intention of having another implant fitted in her right ear.

‘I’m very happy with the hearing I have — it’s like seeing individual colours, then gradually recognising how they all mix together to make a clear image. I wouldn’t change it for the world.’

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