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Approximately, 5-10 per cent of all colorectal cancers occur in people who are at "high risk," defined as much greater than twice the average risk. An additional 15-20 per cent of colorectal cancers occur in people at "increased risk," defined as approximately twice average risk. It is recommended that people at high and increased risk for colorectal cancer begin screening at a younger age and have screening repeated more frequently.
Factors associated with an increased or high risk of colorectal cancer can be divided into two categories: personal, and hereditary or familial. Personal risk factors include: a history of colorectal cancer that has been completely removed and, to a lesser extent, a history of ovarian, uterine or breast cancer; a history of polyps, especially large adenomatous polyps; a history of inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; a high fat, low-fiber diet; a sedentary life-style; obesity; cigarette smoking, both currently and in the past; heavy alcohol use; and diabetes.
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