Archaeology: Move Over Venus of Willendorf

by Barbara McPherson | May 14, 2009 at 09:54 am
875 views | 44 Recommendations | 24 comments

For the past hundred years the carved figure known as the Venus of Willendorf has been among the oldest carved artworks.

It was discovered in a village in Austria and dated to between 22 000 and 24 000 BC.

Photos

Hohle Fells Goddess

Hohle Fells Goddess

see larger image

uploaded by Roy C

Now a new discovery highlighted in the Nature Publishing Journal pushed  earliest confirmed female figure back to as far as 35 000 years BC. 

Discovery of the sexually explicit figurine of a woman, dating to 35,000 years ago, provides striking evidence of the symbolic explosion that occurred in the earliest populations of Homo sapiens in Europe.

On page 248 of this issue1, Nicholas Conard describes an archaeological discovery of considerable significance — arguably the world's oldest depiction of a human figure, carved in impressive detail from a solid piece of mammoth ivory, and only 60 millimetres long.

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Jarrett Martineau

Thanks for the post. I believe the statue was discovered in Germany:

Named the Venus of Hohle Fels after the cave in southwestern Germany where it was recently excavated, the object dates to at least 35,000 to 40,000 years ago, based on more than 30 radiocarbon measurements conducted at the site. The statue is also “bordering on the pornographic” by our modern standards, one expert says, with its huge, bulbous breasts and oversized genitalia.

Here's a photo of the statue: Venus of Hohle Fels

2
René

Wow, that is gross. No wonder there is so much misogyny! What a hateful image of woman. and this started over 35,000 years ago?

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Jarrett Martineau

Why is that a hateful image?

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Roy C

Rene, I don't think that it is a hateful image. This is a symbolic representation of a force of nature, not someone's mother, I guess.

And, I am sure that there are loads of images which were lost.

Evidence exists that women's position was higher then, rather than lower, but there is an element of guesswork in all of it.

Men did not know that they were involved in procreation. Women probably had the final word, and men were sacrificed to the goddess and maybe eaten in a sacred meal, the blood smeared onto the fields where the increased nitrogen increased plant growth.

When men took over the priesthood from the women in ancient Greece, they wore breastplates and wigs and, to this day, priests wear what are in effect dresses.

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Roy C

I have the feeling that with the double head that this is a representation of what became the "Two Goddesses" of Life and Death, sometimes seen with a young boy, their son.

But, I can't tell, looking at the statuette, if that is another female head or the head of a child that she is holding.

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amyjudd

I think finds are this are such a fascinating look into the past.

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Roy C

Another reason to read Clan of the Cave Bear.

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israeli.agent

Ah..! Never again..!! Yet to complete the book..!!

But I second that. Don't watch the movie before reading the book ..(straight face..!)


.Agent.

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jazzyzazzy

Facinating! but ugly.

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Art de Rivers

I think Rene is playing ...

35000 years ago a good fat lady meant there were plenty of bison always to eat and good grass for years and years... It meant fertility and a soft companion to sleep by without skinny scarecrow bones sticking into your hunters ear ..

However scarecrows were not invented then  but windy furs on sticks were okay !   They were known as scarefurs ... You heard it here first ...

(winks)


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René

Not playing, guys. Notice the mysogynistic defense only from males. It is plain ugly, obscene and designed to terrify young boys. uh, girls too. I'm sure Venus is highly offended that men would dare name these ugly little effigies after her.


Have a realistic view here. How in any rational mindframe can anyone call these things attractive or inducive to love, much less sex?


It is plainly a hateful image. Can see just how deeply ingrained the mistrust and hatred of women actually is. 35,000 years ago.

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Roy C

There are no faces on these images.  The goddess was the source of all that happened to them. It is not someone's mother. It is god.

And, I have never ever heard any woman anthropologist claim that these images were misogynistic, just for the record.

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René

Perhaps it might interest you to know how these 'ugly', unattractive images came to be known as 'venuses' back in the 1800s:

The name "Venus" had first been used, in a tone of mocking irony, in 1864 by the Marquis Paul de Vibraye who described a headless, armless, footless ivory statuette he discovered at Laugerie-Basse in the Vèzère valley in the Dordogne as a "Vénus impudique" or "immodest Venus" (now in the Musée de l'Homme, Paris).

The Marquis, of course, was playfully reversing the appellation of "Venus pudica" ("modest Venus") that is used to describe a statue type of the Classical Venus which shows, in the Capitoline Venus for example, the goddess attempting to conceal her breasts and pubic area from view. The inference the Marquis makes is that this prehistoric Venus makes no attempt to hide her sexuality.

---------------

The ironic identification of these figurines as "Venus" pleasantly satisfied certain assumptions at the time about the primitive, about women, and about taste. Venus, of course, was the Classical goddess of sexual love and beauty.

--------


To identify the Willendorf figurine as "Venus," then, was a rich, male joke that neatly linked the primitive and the female with the uncivilized and at the same time, through implicit contrast with the Classical Venus, served as a reassuring example to the patriarchal culture of the extent to which the female and female sexuality had been overcome and women effectively subjugated by the male-dominated civilizing process.

In fact, art historian and professor, Dr. Christopher L. C. E. Witcombe proposes that a more appropriate title would be 'Woman of Willendorf', rather than 'Venus', and applied to all those fat figurines with no faces. He does admit that all is pure speculation as there is no definitive proof either way.

To read more follow the link above or the pdf on the discovery of the first figurines discovered and how focus was on the racial aspects and how the so-called goddess aspect only became popular after World War One. All this by males.

I've also found some articles than think these figurines may be just the product of some adolescent male fantasies. Pretty awful fantasies, IMO.

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Barbara McPherson

I'll have to agree with Roy here.  The image speaks to me of the importance of fertility with the important parts emphasized.  The ability of women to 'magically' produce new humans was a revered act in ancient times.  I'm not an anthropologist, but what I've observed is that as humans became more 'civilized' the emphasis was more and more placed on phallic symbols.  Just my take on it.

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Roy C

The emphasis on the masculine happened as the conscious mind, technology, warfare, hierarchy, all became more important.

But Rome still had its Great Mother goddess and Rome was recognized as "mother".

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Roy C

Good post, Rene.

I was aware of the unsuitability of the name "Venus". Nevertheless, on the "Venus of Willendorf", there is no face, a strange occurrence, given the closely woven hair and obvious capacity to depict a face.

This lack of a face could be interpreted as a sign of the non-personal aspect of this force, the Great Mother, from which the very name word, matter, comes.

Misogyny is a heavy charge that could only be substantiated with more information. There is nothing about primitive life where women are actually mistreated that would suggest that the misogynists' art would come out as seen, while the female-positive culture would design the statuettes as real women might appear.

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Art de Rivers

Rene :

I am a sculptor of sorts  (and artist) and 35000 years ago my guess is,  provided you can transport us in the Rene Time-whirl machine , there may not have been too many really good tools about  and most of the ladies would not have been doing gym work outs - they would have been pretty strong mammoth arms wrestlers . The evidence is the mammoths gave up .. ...

Seriously though and cheek aside ,  I love the figure as much as I love anything tribal that emerges from a primitive need to express reality figuratively .. Its just a symbol of human need to create and endow something with human  properties ..Beautiful because it gives a time-bridge to another mind  and the way they created their "magical thinking " ..  Its basic ofcourse but then everything was 35000 years ago  - I mean look at Fred Flintstone's car .. 


(winks)


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René
The question is: Is this what women in the Stone Age looked like? Or did they look more like Raquel Welch in the 1960s movie "One Million Years B.C."?

If what the archaeologists tell us is true, that Stone Age societies survived through hunting and gathering, the chances are the women looked more like Ms. Welch than Ms. Willendorf whose obesity would have greatly impaired her ability to move around foraging and gathering.

The chances are, a Stone Age woman, much like the women in hunter-gatherer tribes today (such as the !Kung of the Kalahari Desert in South Africa), would not have had the opportunity to get that fat, unless, of course, she had some special status. She evidently did not need to gather, or hunt, but must have been catered to and had her needs met by others.


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Roy C

Rene,

what did the men look like in paintings and drawings?

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Art de Rivers

Hmmmm

Rene

I am just checking my Time Machine photos and 35000 years ago Germany was not like the Kalahari Desert -- mind you these photos may be warped by the way I am looking at them ..

I wonder if hunter gathering was also quite like we assume and may have been more variable in its forms ..   ... Perhaps in a game-stable Germanic forested area pranging the edible horned daschunds and a few boars was easy and perhaps the abundance of food meant sculptured art could be done in the time when everyone was relaxed ..

So relaxed in fact that mating and child rearing took off big time and fertile big ladies were more approved of so fit children could be raised .... Who knows ..

Rachel's great great great great great x 5000 grandmother though it is rumoured was a bit fat in those days and was named :

"Rachel Squelch "... Its amazing how names change over time ..


Only kidding ....ADR x



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Art de Rivers

My ancestor Chief Tin Canosaurus who was magical looked like this  :


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Art de Rivers

Ps :   Here's one of my sculptures  ( I love wood sculptures)


Jewtangulation By A Fangled Hand Wrangling by you.


Made from a Workhouse floorbeam for the memory of my Great Grandmother Emma who was in the Workhouse ..

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Roy C

Quite a talent you have!

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Art de Rivers

Roy :

Its my germanic ancestors probably ... I come from the tribe of Arns and the teutons - eagle dwellers on the mountain sides in Jutland  ...... That liked fat ladies carved in wood  ... In fact that like all ladies carved in wood ..... And Texan ones too with hats on .. (winks)

I recall though a carving given to the naturalist David Attenborough made of the wood from Easter Island (which now has no trees on it) and it was beautiful and typically figurative in form  with a kind of bird god intimation  I think woven in it too .. The disfiguring of nature and form by primitive arts  sometimes reveals just a desire to push the spirit of that time through symbollically and what was valued -  though Rene may well be right about some implication of male-dominating values ... Who can know for certain ...

...


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