NP Rank:
Is it now a crime to be poor?
IT’S too bad so many people are falling into poverty at a time when it’s almost illegal to be poor. You won’t be arrested for shopping in a Dollar Store, but if you are truly, deeply, in-the-streets poor, you’re well advised not to engage in any of the biological necessities of life — like sitting, sleeping, lying down or loitering.
It is an unfortunate trend in our society (and by that, I mean western society) to demonise and criminalise others who don't fit the mould of 'normal member of society'. This has frequently included transexuals, gay people, and the unemployed to name a few. Nowadays, it too often includes the poor as well. Particularly in these difficult economic times.
In defiance of all reason and compassion, the criminalization of poverty has actually been intensifying as the recession generates ever more poverty. So concludes a new study from the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, which found that the number of ordinances against the publicly poor has been rising since 2006, along with ticketing and arrests for more “neutral” infractions like jaywalking, littering or carrying an open container of alcohol.
This feels like direct discrimination against the poor who are being punished for behaviours that the rest of us may well get away with.
And, of course, we find ourselves in the midst of a vicious circle of demonisation, poverty, demonisation, poverty.
If poverty tends to criminalize people, it is also true that criminalization inexorably impoverishes them. Scott Lovell, another homeless man I interviewed in Washington, earned his record by committing a significant crime — by participating in the armed robbery of a steakhouse when he was 15. Although Mr. Lovell dresses and speaks more like a summer tourist from Ohio than a felon, his criminal record has made it extremely difficult for him to find a job.
The NYT piece also goes on to discuss the effects of race in speeding up the process of criminalising poverty.
By far the most reliable way to be criminalized by poverty is to have the wrong-color skin. Indignation runs high when a celebrity professor encounters racial profiling, but for decades whole communities have been effectively “profiled” for the suspicious combination of being both dark-skinned and poor, thanks to the “broken windows” or “zero tolerance” theory of policing popularized by Rudy Giuliani, when he was mayor of New York City, and his police chief William Bratton.
Recommendations (54)
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Paschen
Narita, Chiba, Japan -
smkovalinsky
New York, New York, United States -
QueensHart
boston, USA., United States -
jazzyzazzy
Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom -
Karen Hatter
All Locations, Everywhere, United States
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Beaulieu
London, United Kingdom -
158
St. Louis, Missouri, United States -
Barry Artiste
Vancouver, Canada -
Spydermonkey
huntsville, Alabama, United States -
Rhonda J Mangus
North Tonawanda, New York, United States



Most RecentMost Recommended Comments (36)
at 10:16 on August 18th, 2009
Criminalization of the homeless has a long history, and I am sad to say one of the worse examples of this I have heard of was in California.
Frank Jordon was police chief in San Francisco for four years, and then left that post to run for mayor in 1992.
Timeline of Jordon's "clearances"
<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 /> 1992:After the passage of Prop J (put on the ballot by Mayor Jordan), the City outlaws aggressive panhandling. Alvord Lake (part of Golden Gate Park at Haight and Stanyan) was closed during the evening. 1993:The Matrix Program began. Between August and December, 5,602 citations are issued to homeless people for Quality of Life offenses. More citations for sleeping and camping in the parks, drinking in public, obstructing the sidewalk and sleeping in the doorways were issued in the first months of Matrix than in the five previous years combined. The Transbay Bus Terminal, home to more than 100 homeless people, locked its doors to them. A program serving many of the Terminal's severely mentally ill residents was also shut down. Virtually every City park was closed at night by the Rec. and Park Commission. Food Not Bombs began getting arrested for serving food to homeless people in Civic Center Plaza. 1994: After the passage of Prop J put on the ballot by Mayor Jordan, panhandling around ATM machines was prohibited. After the passage of Prop V put on the ballot by Mayor Jordan, all single adult welfare recipients began being fingerprinted. "No parking from 2:00am to 6:00am" signs were put up by the Port Authority on a street in China Basin where most of the City's mobile residents resided. Mayor Jordan declared to the media that there were armed criminals posing as homeless people and using their shopping carts to transport weapons. He ordered the SFPD to arrest people in possession of shopping carts. The people of San Francisco openly express their outrage at this proposal and no one gets arrested. 11,562 citations issued for life-sustaining activities. 1995:In August, Mayor Jordan planned Matrix II, "Take back our Parks," a multi-departmental intensive sweep of Golden Gate Park, and uses it as a media moment in his mayoral campaign. Homeless people lost property and were displaced. Mayor Jordan ran an unsuccessful ballot measure (Prop M) to prohibit sitting and lying in commercial districts around the City. 14,276 citations were issued for life-sustaining activities.at 06:44 on August 30th, 2009
a211423, many thanks indeed for this comment and information.
at 11:09 on August 18th, 2009
A recent article in the NY Times discussed a growing national trend of attacks on the homeless by men and teenagers who are not. They are making sport of attacking and killing homeless people simply because they can get away with it. It has become such a national crisis that Congress is considering making attacks on the homeless a hate crime. This is part of the abandonment of civility and neighborliness that permeates our entire society. From the top down we are becoming a wantonly cruel society. Yet we can hide it behind a thin veneer of prosperity. It has been said that the true test of a government's integrity is how it treats it poorest citizens. Notice how the poor are never mentioned by politicians nowadays?
"But know this, that in the last days critical times hard to deal with will be here. For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, self-assuming, haughty, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, disloyal, having no natural affection, not open to any agreement, slanderers, without self-control, fierce, without love of goodness, betrayers, headstrong, puffed up [with pride], lovers of pleasures rather than lovers of God, having a form of godly devotion but proving false to its power;" - 2 Timothy 3:1-4
at 06:46 on August 30th, 2009
badexperiment, thank you for this.
This has long been my measure of the integrity of a government. It was always Labour's motto to look after the 'lowest man' but that seems to have been forgotten now. And the situation is worse in the States.
at 11:29 on August 18th, 2009
Heartless bstds, imagine making homelessness a crime all they will do now is house these poor souls in a jail. absolutely horrid .
at 11:32 on August 18th, 2009
Maybe with all the "new" homeless and people looking for food and shelter, from the recession/depression, people will begin to see how it is to be treated badly by the govt. and the powers that be and indeed the people who have money to spare.
at 13:38 on August 19th, 2009
merlingraycat: I think you're spot on! When people wind up walking in another person's shoes, their opinions and world views often change for the better.
at 06:47 on August 30th, 2009
merlingraycat, indeed. It's all very well until you are there. Quite simply: see how you like it!
at 12:04 on August 18th, 2009
I did not see the NY Times article, but people who attack others just because they can should be charged with a hate crime. I would be interested in the demographic of the attackers in addition to being men and teenagers. People who are struggling economically or socially look for outlets for venting dissatisfaction with their lives through aggression. Homeless people are incredibly vulnerable simply by the fact that they are visible and on the streets 24/7.
The criminals can be prosecuted if they are caught, but the best way to solve this problem is to address homeless. In a civilized society no one should be homeless. Many of the homeless are mentally ill; therefore, providing appropriate facilities for them is a start. Family shelters for those who have lost their homes and their jobs should be taken care of and provided assistance in seeking employment and affordable housing. Runaway teens and young children should have alternatives that provide them with a safe haven free of drugs and alcohol where their specific problems can be addressed. Veterens' administration should have a counseling mechanism for homeless vets. They might already have this; therefore, doing veterens' outreach in depressed areas would be a good idea. Additionally, faith based outreach should be welcomed and encouraged.
The ailing middle class has taken precedence over the poor in this economy. When people are losing their jobs and their homes, its next to impossible to expect them to reach out to the poor. The abandonment of civility, in my opinion, increases with the disconnect between the "haves" and "have nots" in our society. Each strata of society focuses on their own sense of entitlement for which they believe they have been denied. Whoever is the most vocal or who can pay for lobbyists have their issues brought to the floor. The poor, for the most part, have few advocates.
at 06:49 on August 30th, 2009
a211423, I think this one sentence sums it all up.
With all of the resources available (and misspent) in our society, homelessness could be eradicated. And I don't believe that that is naive thinking at all.
at 11:18 on August 30th, 2009
I guess in that "civilized society" no one is a drug addict. Whereever you have addictive drugs you will have homelessness. These people don't want housing they want to get high.
at 12:57 on August 18th, 2009
Bullies growing up and grown up. Then you have the addicts who will harm anyone on a high. It is kinda pecking order...kick the dog...no one to scapegoat? They are criminals however you spin it and mentally ill period. The ones most likely to be recidivists withou really deep therapy. Alice Miller can also explain the reasons for abusing others.
Population Bomb = More horrid social problems. We will be witnessing much worse in the next few years
The poor do have spiritual advocates in every town there are places to go. All churches contribute huge dollars and services.
Why do you expect to control this when we cannot control our crime or the bullies in theschools?
No one should be homeless ? This has existed since the beginning of time. The question is what does ones' circle do...One person at a time.
This is full of shoulds. Who would not agree?
It is easy to be appalled at things at a distance. Everything begins at home. Help those in need in our neighborhood. The government cannot possibly play God.
I support two families on welfare. I employed the Mother then her daughter then her son in law I send them anything I can and gather anything from others with children for them. The most important thing I can do is send them literature on the level they can understand...very basic..I send the children rewards for good grades and bonuses for awards. They know someone ...somewhere else loves them and knows them.Maybe I can help a child not become a bully. Gifts without a knowing connection usually have little effect. Now that I move I have to work harder to connect with them but five years of a kind of intimacy that they never knew has helped.
Look at the addiction for Anti Americanism. We send a lot of care out and educate a lot of families who then go home and turn around and throw ugly words...there is no love..no connection..no personalization.. Many social workers make a huge difference. ..teachers..preachers, nuns, churches..schools etc.
The ultimate cure is to get to the pain that is in the body and heart and mind thru deep therapy.. bioenergetics then cognitve after the body. That is their parent they beat up on.
\
If you do not believe we are more than our bodies you will despair. I believe in Christ and his plan of redemption. Pain can cause transformation but the one in pain must receive a human being with a heart of gnosis...love ...if not the ones that contributed will receive their rewards for causing these to stumble. Do not think prayer works for this kind either. It takes
a human>...DOING LOVE...NOT TALKING ABOUT IT
at 06:51 on August 30th, 2009
QueensHart, kudos to you for your support of the two families - it is most certainly easier said than done.
I don't agree, though, that is is something that we should just 'accept' because it has been around since the beginning of time. So have rape, murder, incest, poverty etc. and we're not just accepting that. We can and should make a difference.
at 13:28 on August 18th, 2009
Taking on the responsibility of two welfare families is incredibly noble and praiseworthy. Your efforts can be a model for us all.
However, I still maintain the homelessness should not exist, and before the 1960s and 1970s, seeing a homeless person was rare. What happened? In the 70s in California Govenor Reagan closed almost all the mental hospitals with the promise that community outreach and clinics would replace them. It did not happen. The result here is that half of the homeless are mentally ill.
Below are some statistics. The love can begin with supporting mental health agendas at the state and federal level. Vote for senators, representatives, and legislation that support clinical interventions in communities and provide housing and oversight for the mentally ill. Confront mental illness stigma when we see it in the media and among our families and friends. The love can begin with decriminalizing drug addiction and support rehabilitation clinics and education programs in schools to prevent the use of drugs.
An estimated 40 to 45 percent of homeless persons suffer from Axis I mental disorders in a given year, which include Anxiety Disorders, bipolar disorder, clinical depression, and schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, and severe personality disorders. Between 150,000 and 200,000 of the homeless have schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. This is the equivalent to the population of any of these cities:
At any given time, there are many more people with untreated severe psychiatric illnesses living on America’s streets than are receiving care in hospitals. Approximately 90,000 individuals with schizophrenia or manic-depressive illness are in all hospitals receiving treatment for their disease.
Substance use is also prevalent among homeless populations. In a 1996 survey, 46 percent of the homeless respondents had an alcohol use problem during the past year, and 62 percent had an alcohol use problem at some point in their lifetime. Thirty-eight percent had a problem with drug use during the past year, and 58 percent had a drug use problem during their lifetime.
at 14:48 on August 18th, 2009
Similiar legislation went into affect at least in Houston and maybe for all of Texas. Its true most of the people on the streets are mentally ill. It is most appalling that more is not done to improve their position in life. It is unforgivable that people attack them for sport. There is no excuse for that type of behaviour no matter how it is channeled and who or what is the target.
at 13:30 on August 18th, 2009
I don't care if you are rich or poor. I don't want you loitering, sleeping, drinking alcohol, using drugs, urinating, deficating or robbing anywhere near my family home. That is not new. Those behavious have never been tolerated, whether by the poor or by frat brothers. Stop confusing poverty with ill/illegal behaviour.
at 14:58 on August 18th, 2009
Have some empathy. Poverty is the people who live on the streets. The vast majority of these people are mentally ill. In many states state-run mental institutions and similiar humanitarian programs were closed on a large scale and nothing ever took their place. Poverty is the people who live in the projects or in other "bad" neighborhood i am sure someone like yourself would not deem to even pass through. And if you don't want to deal with it go move to a gated community where you will fit in with every one of your pretentious, stuck-up, and delusioned neighbors.
at 15:05 on August 18th, 2009
I lived 5 years in the poorest zip code in Canada. The reason behind these unacceptable behaviours is a complete lack of consideration for anything. I should not have to live in some sterilized gated community simply to be free of such revolting acts. I have confronted these sub-humans and they reply with threats of violence. Luckily for them none of those cowards ever tried to carry those threats out. The point is that once a society is willing to make excuses for this kind of lawlessness we all lose. Poverty does not cause the bahaviours I mentioned, lack of basic human values and civility does. Until we stop making excuses for this BS it will not go away. Just because you are poor does not excuse you from being human and respecting where you live (even if that place is a doorway).
at 19:48 on August 18th, 2009
You miss my point entirely. I am not excusing anyone's behavior. But be serious. Have some damn empathy. Don't judge a situation until you know everything about everyone involved. I'm just saying in the states alot of homeless people have some sort of mental disability. That may not be true in Canada but it is here. And there are plenty of decent neighborhoods. People in general could stand to be more tolerant.
at 20:41 on August 18th, 2009
OK. So we have different situations in Canada and the US. In Canada there is no excuse. If people are mentally ill commit them. Can't you do that in the US?
at 13:35 on August 19th, 2009
I am not sure what the process is. However, you cannot be commited for having "mild" disabilities such as Autism, Schizophrenia, Epilepsy etc. However, these disabilities and those like them do hinder life in terms of social skills and ability to hold a job. I am no expert and do not pretend to be but I know fo a fact you cannot be commited for these things. I ment mentally ill as a broad term for any situation where a diagnosis can be placed that hinders the ability to function at the rate one must within society.
at 13:49 on August 19th, 2009
Ok but that has nothing to do with immoral or criminal behaviour. I don't care if you are crazy, just don't involve me in your craziness.
at 12:01 on August 30th, 2009
That strikes me as a very 'not in my backyard' mentality.
Edit: I've just noticed that NP swallowed my next paragraph and I can't remember what it was now. :(
at 12:08 on August 31st, 2009
Live and let live.
at 06:53 on August 30th, 2009
But that is the very point, eastvanray. Poverty is being confused with criminal behaviour - poverty is being criminalised because poor people are being afforded fewer rights than the affluent. The unemployed have been demonised for years, for example, with or without the sleeping on street corners.
at 16:15 on August 18th, 2009
It is bad enough that our societies cause homelessness, worth is that we criminalize them and disrespect them as human beings.
at 16:37 on August 18th, 2009
Poor choices are responsible for most of the homelessness where I live in Canada. We have an extensive social safety net yet many people don't want to give up their lawless lifestyles in exchange for a roof over their head. That is their choice. It is not, however, my responsibility to force them into housing they don't want. If you choose that lifestyle you must understand that the laws still apply to you. Your freedom to swing your fist ends at my nose.
at 19:51 on August 18th, 2009
Okay true. But that is not the case stateside. We do not have much of a safety net. You have your family and friends and if you have a hell load of luck you can get a spot in a one night only type of center. Most of the people do have some sort of mental illness. Be it anything from ADD to something serious like Autism.
at 09:05 on August 19th, 2009
Grace
Trying to discuss the complexity of homelessness is an up hill battle because unless you know a little about mental illness--as I do having a son who is schizophrenic--or are least willing to learn, stigma takes over and characterizes and frames the arguments. It's not a criticism as much as it is accepting the knowledge that unless you have a family member or friend who is mentally ill, most know nothing about mental illness. Before my son became ill, I knew next to nothing about mental illness. Yes, people who are ill do some of the digusting things that have been posted, but they do this because they are sick and cannot function like the rest of us. And they are visible and on the streets because as a society we have chosen to not care for them in a way that is positive and protects them from the degredation and violence of the streets. It's not their fault they have been afflicted with this dreaded disease.
at 10:58 on August 19th, 2009
That may be true but not all (not even a lot) of homeless suffer from the kind of mental illness that your son has. It is those people about whom my comments are directed.