Just 2.5 % of US bailout could end AIDS Epidemic in Africa

A strategy of testing adults every year for HIV and immediately treating every person found to be infected could virtually end the AIDS epidemic in Africa in about a decade, new research suggests.

While nobody is seriously espousing that approach, the "thought experiment" outlined this week in the Lancet journal emphasizes the usefulness of antiretroviral drugs as tools for preventing the spread of HIV infection as well as treating it.

The power of AIDS drugs to dramatically slow the epidemic is the consequence of two well-established facts.

The first is that the amount of virus circulating in the bloodstream is the most important factor determining whether an infected person transmits the disease to another during a high-risk encounter. The second is that AIDS drugs can lower this "viral load" in the bloodstream to one-millionth of what it is without treatment.

The researchers who constructed the mathematical model used in the new study found that if a testing-and-treatment approach were pushed aggressively enough, it could prove to be "the greatest strategy for reducing transmission" of HIV, said Reuben M. Granich, a biostatistician at the World Health Organization in Geneva.