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Now Possible to Design Your Own Baby
Once again, the stuff of science fiction has not only arrived but has been put into action with success. This time, it is being able to design your own baby. The science is called PGD or Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and involves careful selection of embryos for gene faults.
So how does this work?
Well the Oxford English Dictionary tells us:
“a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with in vitro fertilization to ensure the presence or absence of particular genes or characteristics".
We have finally come to the times where we may order a blue-eyed, blonde haired dark/light skinned baby with no defects whatsoever - including the absence of teenage acne.
Doctor Steinberg who pioneered IVF in the 1970s has this to say to his prospective patients on the clinic's web site:
"Not all patients will qualify for these tests and we make NO guarantees as to 'perfect prediction' of things such as eye colour or hair colour,"
Steinberg claims that his clinic will offer this service only to those already having genetic screening for abnormal chromosome conditions.
As would be expected, someone has already raised ethical questions.
Dr. Gillian Lockwood who is a U.K. fertility expert and member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' ethics commitee.
"If it gets to the point where we can decide which gene or combination of genes are responsible for blue eyes or blonde hair, what are you going to do with all those other embryos that turn out like me to be ginger with green eyes?"
Josphine Quintavalle of "Comment on Reproductive Ethics" says:
"This is the inevitable slippery slope of a fertility process which results in many more embryos being created than can be implanted. Choices will always have to be made. Do you choose octuplets or the ones with the prettiest noses?"
One high-profile case, is that of the Hashmi family who fought and finally won a torrid court battle with Comment on Reproductive Ethics (CORE). They already have one child with a rare blood disorder awaiting a bone marrow transplant.
Sara Nathan of the HFEA ethics committee, is concerned with sex selection though she also acknowledges it could be useful with diseases such as haemophilia (which is sex-linked,) where PGD is used to ensure that the offending gene is not present in female embryos.
The science is nothing new, it just hasn't been publicized as much. PGD seems to have crept up on us, even as many of us are still struggling to form our views on IVF.
PGD was bound to happen no matter what our own personal opinions. Scientific research into embryos would not have ended with IVF.
Because of China's One Child Policy, (which ends next year,) many Chinese families have secretly dealt with it their own way. They drown their female babies in favor of boys. While effective, it breaks this reporter's heart to think of yet another barbaric act in this world.
My imagination conjures up a nation of men with a pool of say 10,000 women donating their eggs and never laying eyes on the baby's father. Knowing China and their non-existent policies on human suffering - it wouldn't surprise me in the least.
Cloning is already an alternative method.
Think for a minute: You might be sipping away at a coffee house when you see Angelina Jolie sit down with Brad Pitt (insert anyone else you desire). When they leave, you scour their chairs and table for hairs and their cups for saliva. Retrieve them and your on your way to having a beautiful baby.
There is so much controversy over these two topics that it fills web pages with professional arguments and lay-man opinions.
Here are some questions for you to mull over:
- Even if the technologies are safe, can they be morally defended?
- Are you for or against Designer Babies? Why?
- If you are against them, would it change your mind if you could pass on a deadly disease or defect during conception?
- It's possible that in the not too distant future, athleticism, shyness and and a talent in a particular area could be introduced into a genome - how do you feel about this science both professionally and morally?
- Should the public have a say whether or not science in this direction continues?
- Can you imagine a world filled with genetically modified human beings?
Suggested reading:
The Fertility Institute
100% Sex Selection, Family Balancing and Genetic Embryo Screening
China's One Child Policy
by Matt Rosenberg
Sources:
Spiked Science
Debating Designer Babies
by Ellie Lee
Action Bio-Science.org
Designer Babies: Ethical Considerations
by Nicholas Agar
Time
Designer Babies
by Michael D. Lemonick; Bjerklie and Alice Park/New York and Dick Thompson/Washington
Crowd Power
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Most RecentMost Recommended Comments (13)
at 11:24 on March 2nd, 2009
A thought provoking piece, Swan, thanks.
at 12:25 on March 2nd, 2009
Thank you for stopping by and commenting Rachel ;)
at 12:18 on March 2nd, 2009
I just watch Gattaca, a story of a genetically inferior man who assumes the life of genetically selected man to pursue he lifelong dream of space travel. its good.
some say Albert Einstein had Aspergers Syndrome (autism spectrum disorder).
Is perfection ideal?
at 12:40 on March 2nd, 2009
Isn't Gattaca the movie with Jude Law? I think that's the first movie I ever saw him in. I remember being amazed at the possibility of such scientific discoveries and here we are, right on it's doorstep.
In answer to your question kuuva, no I don't believe perfection is ideal, not at all. But today we vaccinate our children in the hopes of eradicating certain lethal diseases, such as smallpox.
We test via amniocenteses for Down's Syndrome, even though it's known that the test could be dangerous to the baby.
Is it such a leap to think that we could have ensured by PGD (for example) a child free of disease and ADD/ADHD?
I'll be honest, I don't know myself, I'm just playing Devil's Advocate here. I see the amazing benefits and palpable dangers and I don't know if faced with the choice, if I'd want a perfect child.
Thank you for your comment kuuva!
at 16:22 on March 2nd, 2009
I can see the objections to this. The complaint that perfection weakens us and we'be intolerant of imperfection. However I think Nature would demonstrate more flexibility than that and keep delivering surprises in other ways. I also think that since the majority of children born continue to be "oops" babies, we needn't worry too hard. Lastly, I think there's people who prefer every racial phenotype and so will choose accordingly. Anyway, two parents with deep brown eyes and black hair cannot have a blonde child with blue eyes from their own genes.
I still don't understand the objection to copper hair and green eyes. I think it's the loveliest combination nature can offer. I'm sure there'd be plenty of parents who agree to ensure this phenotype survives too. The predjudice against it seems to be very concentrated to the UK, which is goofy seeing as they're one of the source regions for this type.
at 17:52 on March 2nd, 2009
An interesting idea. Thanks.
Mary
at 18:41 on March 2nd, 2009
actually i was not proposing that perfection is ideal. that is part of the plot of Gattaca and the point made about Einstein. I was attempting to use satire.
I should point out that that Amniocentesis will be rapidly phased out. There are new blood tests taken from the mother that appears less intrusive, less expensive and more accurate than amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, which are typically used to test for Down.
Sequenom has a test called SEQureDx.
also remember some say Abraham Lincoln had Marfan syndrome
and J.F. Kennedy is thought to have had both colitis and Addison's disease.
Personally, I think their has to be a limit. Perhaps only diseases that maim individuals (physical and mental) or ones that cause great pain.
at 19:09 on March 2nd, 2009
Fascinating story Swan, and very challenging questions. Thanks for posting.
Would this mean I can no longer shake my fist and blame god/nature/the.mrs. when the little monster messes up? `~)
Seriously, how would we view the older sibling if we engineered the next 3 kids, and furthermore, how will the new generation of 'selects' view the older generation of naturals?
I'm not an evolutionist per se, but what would this mean for natural selection?
Do we trust a society that produces TV shows like "Who Wants to Be Paris Hilton's BFF?" with the technology to manipulate the genetic code?
Where can I get enough SOMA to knock me out for good?
at 16:36 on March 3rd, 2009
Creepy and weird I think.
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Tyrone (not verified)at 22:33 on March 7th, 2009
What's the big deal? Hair and eye color have nothing to do with a child's personality, smartness, talent, and so on. So, even if such parents were to select for it, it wouldn't affect the rest of us, or the kid itself really. So...stop worrying people. I think the parents should have the right to select which embryo they want to have, if they want. There gonna be the ones paying for all the bills, carrying the baby in the womb, etc. so why should anybody else have the right to tell them which hair or eye colors they can or cannot choose?
Also, this child won't blame the parents for having given them a certain eye or hair color. Think about it, the embryo selected is the one implanted, thus this child (specifically) already has these traits, in order to not have these traits, the parents would have had to select another embryo. In this case, this specific child wouldn't have been born at all. So why would they complain? They're born. Ok, so they might have blonde hair, or green eyes, get over it. They should learn to respect their parents and shut up.
at 16:29 on March 8th, 2009
Tyrone,
Your points are well taken and reasonable. And also very optimistic. I think the concern that many people have - including me - is what will happen when this techonology falls into the wrong hands, and of course it will.
Granted there are benefits of being able to manipulate the genetic code ... but do the potential benefits outweigh the consequences of what will undoubtedly be unleashed when it becomes commercialized or worse? (I am thinking of NAZI eugenics here)
Of course, you will rightly point out that I am a pessimist in these matters. It doesn't really matter, because it WILL happen, and it WILL subsequently fall into the wrong hands. New techonologies always have. SOMA anyone?
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Suan (not verified)at 17:23 on March 10th, 2009
has there ever been a mistake?
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Tyrone (not verified)at 20:14 on March 25th, 2009
Any technology can fall into the wrong hands. I would say that nuclear proliferation is a much bigger problem than this PGD tech. And Nazi eugenics, shudder, is exactly the opposite of this. Let me tell you why. The Nazis believed that only certain people should be allowed to have children, and that blondes with blue eyes were "pure," that they could only be produced by blondes. Well, guess what? This technology says the exact opposite. Each of us has a wide array of genes that can be selected for, thus even two mixed black-and-white parents can select for a blonde, blue-eyed child. I don't find that concept scary or prejudiced, because there are no ethical implications tied in to hair or eye color, such as are blonde people necessarily evil, or vice versa, no I think a child's tangible qualities like intelligence and personality are not linked to hair color. That's why I don't believe in selecting for intelligence,as it will ACTUALLY truly affect the child, give him more advantages in life, but hair and eye color shouldn't, as they don't determine brain traits or physical strength.
Basically, this technology only allows people to do with more certainty what they've been doing for years: choosing their spouses. So..if they want to waste all that money, that's their choice. It won't affect anyone else, and it's a reproducitve right.