It is in fact the present day Transnitria/ Transdniestr/ Transdniester Republic.
It was an artificially created entity by the soviets, to keep alive their claims over the real Moldova, which stretches to the east only as far as the Dniestr/ Nistru river, and used to belong entirely to Romania at the time.
Now, the eastern part of Moldova (Basarabia) together with the territory you cand see on this map, called Transnistria, make up the Republic of Moldova.
Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova/Moldavia, 1925
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NP! ID: 1687217
Title: Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova/Moldavia, 1925
File Size: 1024 × 768 – 502.92 KB
Created: Wed, 09/17/2008 - 11:08am
Modified: Wed, 09/17/2008 - 11:08am
File Type: image (jpeg)
Licence: None (All rights reserved)


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at 11:21 on September 17th, 2008
The map is from the interwar years, when the borders were very different from now. It shows a tiny Moldovan Soviet Republic, on the left bank of Dniester river, which is the core of nowadays Transnistria (Trans-dniester) breakaway republic.
Nowadays, Moldova proper is on the right bank of the Dniester river. At the time of that map, it used to be part of Romania. The territory was taken from Romania by the soviets as a result of WWII, merged with that tiny republic you see on the map, and made into the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova.